MINERALS INDEX

Actinolite

Albite

Allactite

Allanite

Amphibole Group

Andradite

Anglesite

Anhydrite

Anorthite

Apatite

ApatiteGroup

Apophyllite

Aragonite

Arsenates

Arsenides

Arseniosiderite

Arsenopyrite

Aurichalcite

Axinite

Azurite

Barite

Barylite

Barysilite

Bementite

Biotite

Borates

Bornite

Boroarsenates

Bustamite

Cahnite

Calamine

Calcite

Calcium larsenite

Carbonates

Celestite

Cerusite

Chalcocite

Chalcophanite

Chalcopyrite

Chloanthite

Chlorite

Chlorophoenicite

Chondrodite

Chysolite Group

Clinohedrite

Copper

Corundum

Corundum Group

Crocidolite

Cummingtonite

Cuprite

Cuspidine

Cyprine

Datolite

Desaulesite

Descloizite

Diopside

Dolomite

Edenite

Epidote

EpidoteGroup

FeldsparGroup

Ferroaxinite

Ferroschallerite

Fluoborite

Fluorite

Franklinite

Friedelite

Friedelite Group

Gageite

Gahnite

Galena

Ganophyllite

Garnet

Glaucochroite

Goethite

Graphite

Greenockite

Gypsum

Halloysite

Haloids

Hancockite

Hardystonite

Hastingsite

Hedyphane

Hematite

Hetaerolite

Heulandite

Hodgkinsonite

Holdenite

Humite Group

Hyalophane

Hydrohetaerolite

Hydrozincite

Ilmenite

Jeffersonite

Kentrolite

Larsenite

Lead

Leucaugite

Leucophoenicite

Limonite

Lollingite

Loseyite

Magnesium- chlorophoenicite

Magnetite

Malachite

Manganbrucite

Manganite

Manganosite

Marcasite

Margarosanite

Mcgovernite

Mica Group

Microcline

Millerite

Molybdenite

Mooreite

Muscovite

Nasonite

Native Elements

Neotocite

Niccolite

Norbergite

Oxides

Pargasite

Pectolite

Phlogopite

Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates

Prehnite

Psilomelane

Pyrite

Pyrochroite

Pyroxene Group

Pyrrhotite

Quartz

Rhodochrosite

Rhodonite

Roeblingite

Roepperite

Rutile

Scapolite

Schallerite

Schefferite

Serpentine

Serpentine Group

Siderite

Silicates

Silver

Smithsonite

Sphalerite

Spinel

Spinel Group

Stilbite

Sulphates

Sulphides and Arsenides

Sussexite

Svabite

Talc

Tennantite

Tephroite

Thomsonite

Thorite

Titanite

Tourmaline

Tremolite and Actinolite

Unconfirmed Species

Vanadates

Vesuvianite

Willemite

Xonotlite

Zeolites

Zinc schefferite

Zincite

Zircon

Zoisite

 

Clinohedrite

H2CaZnSiO5
Monoclinic-domatic

Forms
a(100), b(010), f(210), h(320), m(110), m1(110), n(120), n1(120), l(130), d(150), e(101), e1(101), p(111), p1(111), q(111), q1(111), r(331), s(551), t(771), k(311), k1(311), A(311), g(511), u(531), v(171), w(151), o(131), o1(131), x(131), x1(131), y(121), j(251), and B(434). The form B(434) is new. Measurement on two faces gave for it: f = 71° 47' , r = 37° 45' ; computed for (434) f = 71° 47' , r = 37° 44'.

[Combinations on crystals of clinohedrite]

Habit
Crystals of clinohedrite are generally prismatic or tabular, but some are wedge-shaped because of the peculiar distribution of the faces in the domatic class of monoclinic crystals. The mineral is found also in granular and lamellar aggregates.

Physical properties
The cleavage is perfect parallel to the clinopinacoid but is not invariably developed where it is, the cleavage surfaces have a pearly luster. The crystals are brilliant, glassy, and transparent an range in color from amethystine to snow-white to colorless. The mineral is strongly pyroelectric. Under the iron-are spark it fluoresces strongly with a somewhat orange tint, not easily distinguished from the yellow fluorescence of pectolite. Its specific gravity is 3.28 to 3.335, and its hardness is 5.5.

Clinohedrite is optically negative, the birefringence is 0.01, and the axial plane and bisectrix are normal to the clinopinacoid. Y /\ c = 28° ; 2V (medium large); a = 1.662, b = 1.667, g = 1.669.

Composition
Clinohedrite is a calcium-zinc silicate analogous in chemical structure to calamine. Some of it contains small amounts of oxides of manganese, magnesium, and iron.

The molecular ratio yielded by the analyses shows nearly equal parts of the four constituents—SiO2, ZnO, CaO, and H2O; hence the derived formula is simple. The close agreement of the several analyses is also noteworthy.

[Analyses of clinohedrite]

Occurrence
Clinohedrite was first described by Penfield and Foote (175), from whose paper this description is chiefly taken. It was seen by them in a few specimens found on the dump of the Parker shaft (not the Trotter mine, as stated by Penfield and Foote) and was supposed to have come from a depth of about 1,000 feet, but the exact location in the mine and the form and geologic relations of the deposit are not known. This is the more unfortunate because in the specimens and closely associated with the clinohedrite were found the rare minerals hancockite, nasonite, glaucochroite, and roeblingite, of which only nasonite is known elsewhere. The many other minerals also found there indicate that the assemblage was formed under peculiar conditions, information regarding which would be of much interest.

The type specimen of clinohedrite in the Hancock collection is a group of lovely amethystine crystals lining a cavity an inch across in a mass of franklinite ore mixed with green willemite and hancockite. In other specimens veins of clinohedrite cut massive axinite and hancockite, and lamellar clinohedrite lines cavities and contains embedded prismatic crystals of clear-green willemite and also fills the interstices in a mixture of green willemite and glaucochroite.

Figure 158
Prismatic crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms a(100), b(010), h(320), m(110), m1(110), n(120), l(130), p(111), and u(531). Parker shaft.
fig158.gif (9442 bytes)
fig159.gif (6671 bytes) Figure 159
Crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), m1(110), d(150), l(130), e(101), p(111), q(111), r(331), s(551), t(771), k(311), u(531), and v(171), and w(151). Parker shaft. The crystal is viewed with the orthoaxis in front instead of in the usual position.
 

Figure 160
Doubly terminated crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), e(101), e1(101), p(111), q(111), q1(111), o(131), o1(131), r(331), s(551), t(771), u(531), g(511), and x(131). Parker shaft. The crystal is viewed with the orthoaxis in front instead of in the usual position.

fig160.gif (7658 bytes)

In 1914 clinohedrite was identified by the author on two specimens from Franklin obtained for the Harvard collection by Mr. Cahn. There is little doubt that they came from the deeper levels at the north end of the ore body. In one of them short, stout crystals of clinohedrite (figure 161) are thickly implanted over several square inches of a surface of massive ore that contains vugs in which are crystals of hodgkinsonite and willemite. The clinohedrite crystals are white or faintly amethystine and are not more than a tenth of an inch in greatest dimension. Because of their habit and the pearly luster on the clinopinacoid they were at first mistaken for gypsum.

Figure 161
Stout prismatic crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), m1(110), e(101), p(111), and u(531). Parker shaft.
fig161.gif (6599 bytes)

The other specimen shows a vein one-fifth of an inch thick in ore made up of franklinite and granular hodgkinsonite. The vein is drusy, containing fan-shaped clusters of white, opaque platy crystals of clinohedrite, strongly resembling barite or calcite, of the habit shown in figure 162, with pink crystals of hodgkinsonite and clear white calcite.

Figure 162
Projection on the clinopinacoid of a crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), e(101), p(111), q1(111), k1(311), x(131), and j(251). Parker shaft.
fig162.gif (4907 bytes)

In 1928 in the mine at Franklin, on the 400-foot level in the north end, specimens were found that contained clinohedrite associated with several other species as described on page 81. The clinohedrite is fairly abundant in clusters of prismatic crystals lining cavities and intergrown with needles of larsenite. It is snow-white or glassy and transparent, with optical properties identical with those of the mineral from the occurrence first described. The prismatic habit is developed parallel to the zone containing the forms e, p, b, and p1. These crystals are shown in figures 163 and 164 and are markedly different in habit from any others hitherto described.

Figure 163
Projection on the clinopinacoid of a crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), m1(110), n1(120), e(101), p(111), p1(111), and A(311). Franklin.
fig163.gif (4960 bytes)
fig164.gif (6096 bytes) Figure 164
Projection on the clinopinacoid of a crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m1(110), n(120), n1(120), p(111), p1(111), q(111), t(771), A(311), and x1(131). Franklin.

The crystal shown in figure 165 came from another specimen in this lot. It is doubly terminated and shows the new form B(434).

Figure 165
Doubly terminated crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms a(100), m(110), m1(110), e(101), p(111), p1(111), q1(111), s(551), u(531), and B(434). Franklin.
fig165.gif (7765 bytes)

 


 
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